随着新周期规则的修订，FIG新版《2013-2016竞技健美操竞赛规则》出现了一批新增难度动作，为此，本文对新规则新增难度动作的相关内容进行了研究。研究指出：2013版新规则在A组、B 组、C组和D组难度一共增加了45个新的难度动作，各组新增难度分别对运动员不同的身体能力提出了更高的要求，教练员可根据新增难度的特点制订相应的训练方法，帮助运动员掌握新增难度动作。

With the revision of the new cyclical rules,it appears a batch new difficulty movement in the 2013~2016 edition of FIG Aerobic Gymnastics Code of Points .So this article researches the related content about the new difficulty movement in new rules. The research points out 2013 edition new rules adds 45 new difficulty movements in Group A,Group B,Group C,Group D,each group put forward higher requirements to players body ability,the coach could draw up new training method to help players master new difficulty movement according to the characteristic of the new difficulty movement.

采用文献资料和比较分析法,重点对国际艺术体操评分规则2010版和2013-2016年新版规则进行对比研究分析,从分析新规则的重要变化特点中探索深层启示。结果显示:新规则将评分板块分为难度和完成两大块,身体难度删除了波浪柔韧组,难度数量和难度级别大幅度减少;难度技术更加注重身体、器械和艺术的均衡运用,突出难度技术组合的艺术化编排。

By studying literature review , comparing the 2010 version code of points of rhythmic gymnastics with Version 2013-2016 and analyzing the significant code differences , this paper findsout that the new code of points in rhythmic gymnastics has the following highlights:The new code focuses on the values and accomplishment of the movements;as for difficulty of the body movement , the new code deletes the difficulties group of flexibility and waves , reduces the difficulty number and levels;and as for the difficulty technology , the new code emphasizes the harmonious and balance utilizations of the body , apparatuses and arts , highlights the artistic arrangement of diffi-culty technology combination .

舞蹈啦啦操成套中难度分为三类,分别是转体类、跳跃类、平衡与柔韧类。整体编排中难度的选择和编排尤其重要在我国。舞蹈啦啦操发展较为缓慢,其原因是多方面的,然而影响成套整体质量最为关键的还是难度的选择和编排。本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像分析法,根据比赛中运动员难度完成的质量及整个成套难度的选择编排问题进行分析,加上自己一定的实践经验,帮助运动员及教练员能够在成套中更好的完成难度,以提高整体质量。

Particularly important in the overall arrangement of the difficulty of the selection and arrangement, is the center, is the key. Dance Cheerleading Complete in the difficulty divided into three categories, namely, the twist class, class jump, balance and flexibility classes. In China, the development of the Dance Cheerleading is relatively slow, the reason is the difficulty of the selection and arrangement, thus affecting the entire set of completed quality and viewing.In this paper, the literature, logical analysis, video analysis, quality and set the difficulty to select the difficulty of the game athletes completed choreography for analysis, Plus some practical experience to help athletes and coaches to the completion of the difficulty of complete sets in order to improve the overall quality.

随着人工智能技术在高校信息化过程的不断推广,智能在线考试模式已成为高校教学改革的一种新手段。目前现有的在线考试系统由于一些现实约束,还存在很多不足。文中针对现有的考试系统存在智能组卷后的试卷难度不均衡、题库试题难度系数确定不合理的现象,提出一种基于改进的遗传算法自动组卷策略。利用伯努利大数定律和机器自适应学习方式,确定题库中试题合理的难度系数。在试题的难度系数确定后,试卷的难度系数就是参入组卷的试题的平均难度系数,组卷中,只需指定试卷的平均难度系数和各类题型的数量即可。

With the continuous promotion of university informatization process of artificial intelligence technology,intelligent online ex-amination mode has become a new way of teaching reform in colleges and universities. At present,the online examination system,because of some realistic constraints,has many deficiencies. In this paper,in view of the phenomenon that the intelligent examination system after the examination is not balanced,and exam difficulty coefficient is unreasonable,put forward a strategy of automatic generating test paper based on improved genetic algorithm. Use the Bernoulli law of large numbers and machine learning methods to determine the reasonable difficulty coefficient of test question database,after determining the difficulty coefficient,the test paper difficulty coefficient is average dif-ficulty coefficient of incorporation test paper,only the designated test average difficulty coefficient and various types of quantity can be.

在2005-2008年竞技健美操竞赛规则中开始对难度组合的使用加以重视并有加分的规定.随后在竞技健美操竞赛规则和比赛中"难度组合"越来越占有重要的比例,不断提高对"难度组合"的运用与创新就显得极其重要.对已有文献研究进行综述,意为难度组合创新的训练等提供发展思路和参考.

Under the rules of competitive aerobics from 2005 to 2008 difficulty combination was adopted and extra marks were added so great importance has been attached to it and it has played a more and more important role ever since. Therefore, it is of vital importance to adopt and innovate difficulty combination. This paper conducts the review of the literature concerned in an effort to inspire the later training of competitive aerobics via difficulty combination.