为研究温度的升高和相变的出现对材料在超高速碰撞中行为的影响,采用考虑温度和相变效应的GRAY三相物态方程与未考虑相关效应的Tillotson物态方程,对超高速碰撞碎片云的质量特性进行数值模拟对比研究。结果表明：当碰撞速度在5 km/s以下时,由两种物态方程给出的碎片云质量数据基本一致,但当碰撞速度在7 km/s及以上时,两种物态方程给出碎片云质量数据有较大差别;而在碰撞速度为7、8 km/s,两种物态方程给出的前向碎片云质量随方位角α的分布有明显区别。这说明在较高速度的碰撞中,温度和相变的相关效应对碎片云运动及其后续破坏能力有较大影响。

The temperature rising and the phase?change will affect the materials behaviors under hypervelocity impacts. The GRAY three?phase equation of state which takes into account the thermodynamic influence and the Tillotson equation of state which does not take the thermodynamic influence into account were adopted to carry out numerical simulation on hypervelocity impacts,and the mass character of the debris clouds was studied by comparing the results of the two equations of state. The simulation results show that when the impact velocity is under 5 km/s,there are no obvious differences between the debris clouds mass given by the two equations of state,but when the impact velocity exceeds 6 km/s,there are notable differences between the debris clouds mass given by the two equations of state. And when the impact velocity is at 7 km/s or 8 km/s,the mass distribution of the front debris clouds versus the location angle(α)given by the two equations of state differentiates. The study

基于GRAY模型建立了金属铝的固液气三相完全物态方程,并与等温压缩线、Hugoniot线、熔化线以及零压热力学函数的实验结果进行对比,表明本物态方程可合理描述金属铝在宽广热力学空间的热力学状态.

Based on the GRAY equation of state (EOS), we establish a solid-liquid-gas three-phase complete EOS, and compare it with the experimental isothermal compression data, Hugoniot data, melting data and thermodynamic functions under ambient pressure. It is indicated that the EOS in this paper can describe reasonably the thermodynamic state of aluminum in a wide region.

运用多体展开理论和量子化学方法—–超分子单、双(三重)激发微扰处理耦合簇CCSD(T)方法,首次系统地计算了面心立方固氪在较宽(从晶格平衡位置到体积压缩率超过3倍)区间的两体、三体和四体相互作用对结合能和物态方程的贡献大小,包括Hartree-Fock自洽场项和范德瓦耳斯长程关联作用项;并与实验数据进行比较.结果表明,在考虑到两体、三体、四体相互作用能后,多体展开理论以及CCSD(T)方法对平衡位置结合能测量数据0—130 GPa整个研究区间的实验物态方程数据都做出令人满意的描述.

The two-, three- and four-body interaction energies in face-centered cubic (fcc) krypton are evaluated using the many-body expansion method and the coupled cluster theory with full single and double excitations plus perturbative treatment of triples, and both self-consistent-field (SCF) Hartree-Fock energy and correlation one are accurately deter-mined in a wide volume range (from 27 to 4 cm3/mol). All different three- and four-atom clusters existing in the first three and two nearest and two neighbor shells of fcc lattice are considered. It is found that the three-body interaction energy is positive at low compression, where the dispersive forces play a dominant role, with increasing the compression the three-body contribution becomes attractive, and the SCF energy overwhelms the dispersive one. At pressures higher than 30 GPa, the four-body contribution becomes important and significantly cancels the over-softening effects of the three-body potential. It shows that the combination of

文章诠释了大学精神，阐述了大学文化与大学精神的关系，认为大学精神是大学文化的内核和灵魂；要从校园物态文化、制度文化、行为文化方面贯彻大学精神；要通过建立机制，美化校园环境，重视行为养成，举办校园文化活动的途径来发挥校园文化的育人功能。

In this article, we explained the college spirit, and elaborated the relationship between the college culture and college spirit. We believed that college spirit is the core and soul of college culture. College spirit should be implemented from such aspects--campus physical state culture, institutional culture, behavior culture, etc. The educational function of campus culture will be expressed by establishing mechanism, beautifying the campus surroundings, valuing the behavior cultivation, and holding the campus cultural activities.

量子反常霍尔绝缘体,有时也被称为陈数绝缘体,是不同于普通绝缘体和拓扑绝缘体的一类新的二维绝缘体,该体系具有可被实验观测的特殊物理性质—量子反常霍尔效应。该体系的物态不能用朗道对称性破缺理论来描写,而要用到拓扑物态的概念。它的发现也经历了从反常霍尔效应的内秉物性阐释,到量子自旋霍尔效应与拓扑绝缘体的发现,再到磁性拓扑绝缘体的理论预测与实现,并最终成功实验观测的漫长过程。由于量子反常霍尔效应的实现不需要外加磁场,而此时样品的边缘态可以被看成一根无能耗的理想导线,因此人们对于其将来可能的应用充满了期待。本文将从理论的角度简单综述该领域的发展历程、基本概念、以及相关的材料系统。

Quantum anomalous Hall insulator, also called as Chern insulator, is a new two-dimensional insulator distinguished from normal insulator and topological insulator by possess-ing a special and experimentally observable physical property-quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). This is a novel quantum state can not be described by the Landau symmetry breaking theory but by the concept of topology of band structure. Its discovery experienced a long his-tory: from the explanation of intrinsic contribution to anomalous Hall effect, to the discovery of quantum spin Hall effect and topological insulator, to the prediction and realization of magnetic topological insulator, and finally to the experimental observation of it. Since QAHE does not require external magnetic field and has dissipationless (without lost of kinetic energy that being transferred to thermal energy) conducting edge states which can be used as an ideal conducting wire, it is expected to have various potential applications in f