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双语推荐：沸点

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利用Origin软件中的解析功能,将中低温煤焦油样品的模拟蒸馏曲线转化为类实沸点蒸馏曲线。类实沸点蒸馏曲线是模拟蒸馏曲线的导函数曲线,是沸点与相应沸点下物质含量的关系图,与实沸点蒸馏曲线类似。通过类实沸点蒸馏曲线可知,随着终温的升高,轻质组分减少,重油增加,沥青含量由30%左右逐渐增加到50%;在350~420℃类实沸点曲线皆出现波峰,波峰沸点物质含量随着煤样热解终温的升高而依次减少。中低温热解以解聚反应为主,高温高能量有利于高键能键的断裂,低温低能量有利于低键能键的断裂。
Translate the simulated distillation curve of medium and low temperature coal tar into theanalogous actual boiling point distil-lation curve using the analysis function of Origin software.By taking the derivatives of the simulated distillation curve,obtain the analogous actual boiling point distillation curve,which is similar to the actual boiling point distillation curve and shows the relationship between the boiling point and relevant substance content.The curve indicates that as temperature increase,the light component decrease,the heavy oil increase,and the asphalt content increase from 30% to 50%. There are some peak wave of the analogous actual boiling point distillation curve between 350 ℃ and 420 ℃,and the relevant substance content is less in turn with the increase of coal sample terminal pyrolysis temperature.The main reaction of low temperature pyrolysis is depolymerization,high temperature and high energy is good for breakage of high bond energy link,low tempera

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共沸溶液很早就被人们所发现并取得了大量的实验数据,然而,这种现象的理论研究却很少.本文从理论上推导出二元体系共沸液的共沸点与外压、组成和组分沸点的定量关系式,并据此计算了二元体系共沸溶液常压下的共沸点,结果与文献的实验数据有相当好的一致性.本文还对二元体系共沸溶液的存在范围,共沸点相对单组分沸点高低的定性判定作了分析,从而为共沸溶液的研究和应用提供了理论依据.
Azeotropic solution soon discovered by the people and made the experimental data, a lot of however, theoretical study of this phenomenon is rarely. Quantitative relationship between the theoretically deduced two azeotropic distillation liquid boiling point and external pressure, composition and component boiling point, two component azeotropic solution under atmospheric pressure boiling point was calculated accordingly, the result of experimental data and literature are quite agreement. This paper also points the existence range azeotropic solution of the two group, boiling point to determine relative single component boiling point of qualitative analysis is made, which provides a theoretical basis for the research and application of azeotropic solution.

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平衡回流沸点是衡量制动液产品性能优劣的最基本指标。本文从五个方面对制动液平衡回流沸点不确定度进行评定,以确定哪些分量对最终不确定贡献最大,所得结论对指导制动液沸点检测具有一定意义。
ERBP is the basic indicator of brake fluid performance. Five aspects of the brake fluid equilibri-um reflux boiling point uncertainty are evaluated in this article and to determine which one contributes most. The conclusions have certain significance to guide the brake fluid boiling point test.

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进入蒸发器的料液的温度有两种,一种为低于沸点温度进料,一种为高于或等于沸点温度进料。低于沸点温度的料液在降膜式蒸发器中都要经过逐级预热的方式将料液预热至沸点或沸点以上的温度方可进入蒸发器中进行蒸发,在多效降膜式蒸发器中,加料方式也不尽相同。有并流加料法,逆流加料法及混流加料法。其中,以并流加料方法最为常见。采用什么样的加料方法及第几效出料是由物料的特性决定的。仅以TNJM03-6200型三效降膜式蒸发器在木糖生产中的应用为例进行比较阐述。
There are two temperatures of lfuids fed into evaporator, one is below the boiling point of lfuid, and another is equal or higher than the boiling point of lfuid. The lfuid of which the temperature is below its boiling point is needed to preheat by stages in falling iflm evaporator, the lfuid can only be fed into evaporator until the temperature reaches or is higher than boiling point. In multi-stage falling iflm evaporator, different feeding types can be used, that are parallel-current, countercurrent and mixing current, in which parallel-current is most commonly used. Use of which feeding type and discharging lfuid in which stage are determined based on the property of lfuid. In this article, exampled with the application of TNJM03-6200 three-stage falling iflm evaporator in xylose production, different feeding and discharging methods were described.

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文章利用“水中溶化固体物质后其溶液的沸点大于纯水的沸点”的这一原理，设计了一种在机械搅拌和切割的作用下利用临近沸点的热硝酸铵溶液对不合格乳化炸药进行加热破乳，以提高加热体系的温度和受热均匀性，然后再分液回收利用水、油相材料的乳化炸药返工处理工艺，并设计确定了破乳时硝酸铵水溶液的加入量和破乳设备的制作方案，对新工艺的破乳效果、安全性、返工产品性能的稳定性进行了分析和讨论。
Based on the principle that boiling point of the solution after dissolved solid materials in water is higher than that of pure water,a rework process of emulsion explosives is designed in this paper.The hot ammonium nitrate solu-tion near boiling point is used for heating and demulsificating the unqualified emulsion explosives by mechanical stirring and cutting,in order to enhance the temperature and heating uniformity.And then water and oil phase are recycled by skim-ming.The added amount of ammonium nitrate solution when demulsification and the production plan of demulsification e-quipment are comformed.The demulsification effects,safety,the stability of rework product performances are also analyzed and discussed.

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通过对低比例甲醇汽油馏程和蒸气压特性的研究,找出了甲醇汽油挥发性增大的原因,一是低沸点组分含量增加,二是甲醇与汽油中的某些烃类形成了低沸点的共沸物。利用添加剂改善其挥发性,选择的添加剂能够降低甲醇汽油饱和蒸气压约10kPa,大大降低了油品的蒸发损失,并有效减少发动机产生气阻的可能性。
The distillation range and vapor pressure of low-proportion methanol gasoline were analyzed and its volatile reasons were found out .One of the reasons was the content increase of low boiling point constituent and the other was the formation of low boiling point azeotrope of methanol and gasoline hydrocarbon .The additive was used to improve the volatility of methanol gasoline .The selected additive could probably decrease the saturation vapor pressure of methanol gasoline by 10 kPa ,which greatly reduced the evaporation loss of fuel and the possibility of gas lock .

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液化天然气（LNG）是天然气经脱硫、脱水等净化处理后，再经降温冷凝而成的液体状态的天然气。LNG的沸点取决于组成成分，通常情况下接近纯甲烷的沸点，即-162.15℃。其体积约为气体状态下天然气的1/625，具有巨大的储存和运输优势。由于其高效性、清洁性等优点，LNG已成为世界各国重点发展的能源项目，被公认为未来的理想能源。
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a kind of liquid state natural gas after desulphurization, dehydration and other purification treatment, and condensation. The boiling point of LNG depends on its components, is usually close to pure methane’s boiling point, which is-162.15 ℃. Its volume is about 1/625 of gaseous state natural gas, so LNG has huge storage and transportation advantages. Because of its advantages of high efficiency and clean, LNG has become the focus of the development of the world energy projects, is recognized as the ideal energy in future.

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通过对杂原子进行“染色”，建立了脂肪醛、脂肪酮和脂肪胺化合物分子的距离矩阵和邻接矩阵，在邻接矩阵和距离矩阵的基础上，构建了一种拓扑指数W。将拓扑指数W分别与脂肪醛、脂肪酮和脂肪胺化合物的沸点及摩尔折射进行非线性回归，取得的结果可以用来预测脂肪醛、脂肪酮和脂肪胺化合物的沸点及摩尔折射Rm，这为脂肪族类化合物的研究提供理论基础。
In this paper the distance matrix and adjacency matrix of aliphatic aldehydes ,ketones , and amines compounds molecules were established primarily by tintaging the heteroatoms ,then on the basis of distance matrix and adjacency matrix a topological index was constructed .Subsequently , the topological index and the boiling point and the molar refraction of aliphatic aldehydes ,ketones , and amines compounds were put into nonlinear regression respectively .Fortunately a satisfactory re-sult was obtained which can be used to predict the boiling point and molar refraction of aliphatic alde-hydes ,ketones ,and amines .This work provides theoretical foundation for the investigation of the types of aliphatic compounds .

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利用低沸点化学物质具有较高的饱和蒸汽压的特性,设计了一种无源轿车轮胎温度监测系统。系统中的胎温传感器将温度变化通过低沸点化学物质的饱和蒸汽压的相应变化转变为磁铁的位移信号,再利用线性霍尔传感器转变为电压信号,最后通过信号检测系统对信号进行处理和转换,实现对轮胎温度的实时监测和高温报警。通过静态实验,选定了满足胎温传感器要求的感温物质;通过动态实验,考察了报警系统的检测精确度。结果表明,系统检测相对误差绝对值≤6%,测温精度为1℃。
By utilizing the property of higher saturated vapor pressure of low-boiling point chemical sub-stances, a passive car tire temperature monitoring system is designed, in which the change of temperature in tire temperature sensor is transformed into the displacement signal of magnet through the corresponding change in satu-rated vapor pressure of chemical substance. Then the displacement signal of magnet is transformed into voltage sig-nal by linear Hall sensor, and through certain signal processing and transform, the real time monitoring and high temperature alarm of tire temperature are realized. The temperature sensing chemical substance meeting the require-ments of tire temperature sensor are selected by static test, while the detection accuracy of warning system is investi-gated by dynamic test. The results show that the system achieves a relative error no more than 6% and a temperature measuring accuracy of 1℃.

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基于低温多效蒸发海水淡化装置的各种阻力和海水沸点升高(BPE)关联式,计算了海水淡化装置中流动阻力、海水沸点升高等造成的传热过程热力损失,分析了各项热力损失在各效蒸发/冷凝器中的分布、随蒸发/冷凝器数量的变化规律等。结果表明:产水量、浓缩比和加热蒸汽温度等参数均保持不变的前提下,总的热力损失随着装置的蒸发/冷凝器数量而增加;BPE引起的热力损失占最大比例,但流动阻力引起的热力损失不可忽略。通过对海水淡化装置热力损失的分析,提出了低温多效蒸发海水淡化装置"小温差、低流阻、饱和态、高敏感"的工作特征理论。
Based on correlations of flow resistance and sea water boiling point elevation (BPE) applicable to the low-temperature multiple effect distillation (LT-MED) desalination plant, the thermodynamic losses in a large-scale LT-MED desalination plant were calculated and analyzed, including the distribution and proportion of various thermodynamic losses caused by BPE and flow resistances. The effect of the number of evaporator/condenser on thermodynamic losses was studied. The result indicates that, for a large-scale LT-MED desalination plant with constant production capacity, the total thermodynamic losses increases with the number of effects. The thermodynamic loss caused by BPE constitutes the highest proportion while that by the flow resistances can not be ignored. According to the analysis on the loss, the operating characteristics of LT-MED desalination system are summarized as small temperature difference, low pressure drop, saturation states and high sensitivity.

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