阐述甜菜根腐病的症状、病原、发病条件及发病规律,并提出防治对策,以供科学防治甜菜根腐病参考。

The symptoms,pathogen,the incidence conditions and occurrence regularities of beet root rot were expounded,control measures were put forward,in order to provide references for scientific control of beet root rot.

用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测定了成株期辣椒(Capsicum annuum)正常植株和根腐病植株的叶片、主根和须根3个部位的光谱。结果表明,两种植株叶片中的主要成分是蛋白质和多糖,主根和须根的主要成分是纤维素和木质素;与正常植株相比,根腐病植株叶片中蛋白质和多糖的组成发生了变化,主根中显示纤维素相对含量减少,且出现了新的蛋白质组分,须根中则显示纤维素的相对含量增加。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)可以区分根腐病对辣椒植株不同部位的影响,为辣椒根腐病的研究提供参考。

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to obtain the spectra of leaf, taproot and fibrous roots of normal and root rot pepper plants in the adult stage. The results showed that for normal and root rot pepper plants, the main components of leaves were protein and polysaccharide, and for taproots and fibrous roots they were cellulose and lignin; for root rot plants, relative to normal plants, the structure of protein and polysaccharide in leaves has been changed, the relative content for cellulose of taproots has increased while fibrous roots decreased. The above results demonstrated that FTIR may be used to distinguish the effects of the toot rot on different parts of the pepper, which provided reference for the study of pepper root rot.

猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)病虫害是制约有机猕猴桃发展的主要问题之一。通过对湖北省猕猴桃病害的调查,发现湖北省猕猴桃主要病害有猕猴桃溃疡病、花腐病、黑斑病、根腐病、黄化病和根结线虫病等,分别就10种较常见病害的危害症状、发生规律及其有机病害治理技术进行了介绍。

Controlling kiwifruit pest is one of the major problems restricting the development of organic kiwifruit. The results of investigating Hubei organic kiwifruit disease showed that the main diseases of Actinidia in Hubei province had more than 10 kinds mainly including kiwifruit bacterial canker disease,flower rot,black spot,root rot,Chlorosis and root knot nematode disease etc. The symptoms,occurring regularity and ODM technology of kiwifruit diseases are introduced.

对福建漳州台湾“黑珍珠”莲雾的主要病虫害进行了系统的调查，结果表明：莲雾虫害有同翅目等4个目的昆虫，病害有霉腐病、炭疽病、黑腐病、黑星病、根霉病、黄腐病、果腐病等6种。介绍了台湾“黑珍珠”莲雾主要病虫害的发生情况及其相应的防治技术，由于整体种植水平较高，莲雾病虫害的发生较轻，是一种优良的新型果树，可进一步扩大种植。

The main diseases and insect pests of Taiwan “Black pearl” Eugenia javanica were systematically investigated in Zhangzhou , Fujian province .The results showed that the insect pests of Eugenia javanic belonged to 4 Orders including Homoptera , and its diseases included heart rot , anthracnose, black rot, mildew, scab, root rot, yellow rot, fruit rot and so on.This paper intro-duced the occurrence and control techniques of the main diseases and insect pests of Taiwan “Black pearl” Eugenia javanica.As a good and new type of fruit , its diseases and insect pests were mild , and its whole planting level was high , so it was worthy to further expand the planting .

筛选挥发物及浸提液具有抑菌活性的作物,用于与三七轮作防治根腐病。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了8种植物的挥发物和浸提液对引起三七根腐病的恶疫霉菌和腐皮镰孢菌的抑制活性。葱属作物大蒜、洋葱、葱及韭菜的挥发物和浸提液对恶疫霉菌和腐皮镰孢菌均具有明显的抑制效果,且大蒜挥发物和浸提液的抑菌活性最强;生姜、鱼腥草、香菜茎和薄荷的挥发物抑菌效果不明显,甚至在低浓度下出现促进菌丝生长的现象,而生姜、香菜根和叶的浸提液则表现出明显的抑菌活性。本研究结果可为利用作物轮作控制三七根腐病提供科学依据,有利于实现三七根腐病的生态防控。

The purpose of this study was to screen crops which volatiles and extracts showing antifungal activity, and use them for rotation to control Panaxnotoginsengroot rot. This study tested the inhibitory activity of 8 plant volatiles and extracts to Phytophthora cactorum and Fusarium solani, the casual agent of panax notoginseng root rot using mycelial growth rate method. The results revealed that the volatiles and extracts of Alliumsativum, A.epa, A.tuberosum, A.fistulosumshowed obvious inhibition activity against P.cactorum and F. solani and the inhibition activity of A. sativum was the strongest. The volatiles of Zingiber officinale, Houttuynia cordata, Coriandrum sativum and Mentha haplocalyx had little inhibition activity on P. cactorum and F.solani, sometimes accelerated colony growth when treated with low concentration. However, the extracts of Z.officinale, the root and leaf of C.sativumshowed distinct inhibitory activity to P.cactorumand F.solani. This data would provide scientifi