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双语推荐：明实录

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《国榷》是私修明史中影响颇大的一部编年体文献,所收科举史料时间跨度之大,数量之多,世所罕见。据《明实录》和《皇明进士登科考》等文献考证,发现该书所收科举史料存在人名错误10处。
The non-official chronological history of the Ming Dynasty, namely, The Non-official Chron-icles of the Ming Dynasty, included so many materials in the history of Civil Service Examination. It spanned so long time and was rare in the world. Based on The Official Chronicles of the Ming Dynasty and Textual Research of Emperor Ming Scholars’ Admission Test, this paper discovers 10 incorrect names of historical data on Civil Service Examination in The Non-official Chronicles of the Ming Dynasty.

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平播战争是明神宗万历朝三大军事活动之一，其目的在于镇压以播州土司杨应龙为首的地方叛乱势力，这场战争以明王朝全胜而告终。关于平播战争的文献主要见于《明史》、《明神宗实录》、《明史纪事本末》、《万历起居注》、《贵州通志》、《四川通志》以及杂史等。另外，时人的奏议、碑铭、文集和其他地方志也对此有所记载。上述文献对研究平播战争发生的原因、经过、明朝军队使用的战略战术等具有重大的史料价值。
Pingbo war was one of the three military eonflicts in the reign of Shengzong of Ming Dynasty, the purpose of which was to suppress the local rioters with Yang Ying-long as the leader from Tusi of Bozhou, and the war ended up with the Ming Dynasty as the winner. The documents about this war can be known through many documents such as ＂The Annals of Ming Dynasty＂,＂The Memoir of Mingshengzong＇etc. Besides,this war was also recorded in some other materials. And the above-mentioned doeuments exert certain historical values in research into the cause, course and the strategies implemented by troops of Ming Dynasty about this war.

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《明孝宗实录》卷帙浩繁，内容丰富，是研究明孝宗在位时期历史的重要资料。然而其记载亦有人名、地名、时间、史实等方面的失误，以及史实漏载等不足，甚至有歪曲史实，刻意诋毁人物的现象，影响了其编纂质量。文章特选取其部分失误事例加以纠正，并予论列。以上失误现象从历史文献编纂学角度给后人留下了如下重要启示：编纂者具备严谨认真的写作态度，制定完善的凡例以及坚持秉笔直书的史德，是历史文献编纂成功的关键所在。
True Record of Ming Xiaozong is a great and rich work and the important material for the study of the reign of Ming Xiaozong. However, there are errors of people’s name, place name, time and historical facts as well as missing record and distortion and condemnation, which maim the quali?ty of the compilation. This article selects some errors and rectifies them with illustration. These er?rors leave the following inspiration on historical literature compilation: editors should have serious atti?tude, make a complete rules and have a virtue of integrity in compilation, which contribute to the success of the compilation.

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《明史食货志》之编纂始于清初潘耒辑录“明实录”的有关资料，志书草稿成于王原，而后删改成王鸿绪《明史稿》之“食货志”，雍乾之际再加修改而成其书。此书是研究明代社会经济的重要依据，历来受到学者的重视。20世纪中期以后，海内外学者开始对之进行校勘，纠正其失误。近几年对初校本《明史食货志》校勘记的修订是在尊重并吸收前贤有关成果的基础上，复核、修订初校本原有校勘记，并对新发现的问题加以考证，作出增补校勘。每条校勘，首先从论证较详的校勘记长编入手，而后简化成扼要的校勘记。初校本《明史食货志》原有校勘记99条，修订后形成了校勘记长编247条，又从中择出223条简化成校勘记。文章选列其中校勘记长编30条，希望读者由之了解本次校勘修订工作的大体状况。
The compilation of Essay on Food and Money in Ming History begins with the relevant materi?als collected by PAN Lei in Early Qing Dynasty, and the first draft is written by WANG Yuan, de?leted by WANG Hong-xu with the name of“Essay on Food and Money”in Draft of Ming History, fi?nally revised in the reign of Yongzheng and Qianlong. This book is the important basis for the study of Ming society and paid attention to by scholars over time. After the mid-20th century, scholars at home and abroad begin to revise it and correct errors. In recent years, the revision is based on the respect for previous achievement, and scholars re-examine, revise original proofreading, investigate on new problems and complement new ones. Each revision starts from the detailed revision compilation and then simplifies into a terse one. There are 99 revisions in the original draft but 247 long ones after the revision and 223 simplified ones. The article lists 30 long revisions, hoping to familiarize

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马愉，字性和，号澹轩，明宣德二年状元。正统二年，升侍读学士。正统三年，与修《宣宗实录》成，升侍讲学士。正统五年，由杨士奇荐，入阁预机务。正统十年，升礼部右侍郎。有《澹轩集》传世。今据其所存诗文，勾勒其与南直隶士人的交往，以见当日政坛精英之间的关系之一斑，并为人们了解这些士人提供一点可资参考的资料。
MA Yu, with the literary names of Xinghe ( Zi) and Zhanxuan ( Hao) respectively, was a number one imperial scholar in the second year of Xuande , Ming Dynasty.In the second year of Zhengtong , he was raised to Cidu Xueshi (a scholar in charge of accompanying the emperor or princes in study ) .In the third year of Zhengtong , he was raised to Cijiang Xueshi ( a scholar in charge of imperial historical records ) , after finishing his book Historical Records of Emperor Xuanzong.In the fifth year of Zhengtong, he took office in the Cabinet , under the recommendation of YANG Shi -qi.In the tenth year of Zhengtong , he was further raised to junior assistant minister of Royal Rites Ministry .He left behind a book entitled Selected Works of Zhanxuan.His contacts with social elites of that period of time , mostly with Southern Zhili scholars , and their political and social relationships can be outlined though his poems , for it provides valuable clues for us to know more about these scholars .

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《四库全书总目》史部正史类提要中体现了四库馆臣丰富的史学思想，这些思想成为他们评价史书优劣的标准，如注重史书的考证，反对空疏议论；追求材料的精细详备；重视史书体例严谨与创新；贬抑史书嗜奇爱博的倾向；褒扬史书所写内容的广厚博大；反对刘知几等人的废表之论；推崇史书的实录精神等。馆臣的这些史学思想与明末清初时期盛行的实学思潮与经世致用观念息息相关。
The outline to the official history in TheGeneral Catalogue of Sikuquanshu reveals a lot of his-toriography thoughts of the authors ,w hich have become the critical principles to judge and value historical books ,such as emphasizing textual research and against vague talk ;pursuing comprehensive materials ;atta-ching importance to preciseness and innovation of style and layout ;opposing novelty seeking tendency ;en-dorsing abundant content ,opposing the view of abolishing by Liu Zhi-ji and praising highly realistic spir-its and so on . These historiography thoughts have close relation to the epidemic practical thoughts in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty .

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明代的内府刻书是明代官府刻书的杰出代表,以往学者大多以为司礼监经厂就是内府刻书的唯一机构,偶有持论不同者,亦语焉不详,没有对内府刻书的具体承刻机构进行系统考究。根据《明实录》及内府刻本等一手资料考察,明代内府刻书除了司礼监经厂之外,在中央,尚有工部、礼部、秘书监、内官监等机构,在地方,则有寺庙和地方书坊。据此提出,明代内府刻书是皇家的刻书,受皇帝敕命刊刻是这一版本类型的本质特征。
The Woodcut Print by Imperial was an outstanding representative of those published by the central government in Ming Dynasty .Most of the former scholars believed Sili Jian as the only institu-tion of the Woodcut Print by Imperial ;some held different opinions ,which were not recorded ,and didn''t study the specific institutions systematically .According to the“Ming Dynasty”and the first-hand information ,this paper argues that besides the Sili Jian ,the woodcut print by imperial institutions in the Ming Dynasty include the Ministry of Works ,Ministry of Rites ,the Secretary and the official of the Ministry in the central government .In the local government ,the institutions include temples and book-stores .The paper concludes that the woodcut print by imperial is the publishing activities by the central government and ordered by the emperor .

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《醒世姻缘传》带有明显的明人口吻与实录风格，其完成不应迟于明末，而流传则可能始自清初。《醒世姻缘传》是继《金瓶梅》之后，明清齐鲁世情小说的又一硕果，胡适、徐志摩、张爱玲等现代名家都曾对其推崇有加，其广博而逼真的世情抒写中，跃动着作者那颗炽热的匡时济世之心，而成为明清世情小说雅俗整合的又一次成功尝试，促进了明清世情小说的健康发展，影响深远。《醒世姻缘传》是一曲沉重的道德挽歌，祭起的却是佛教果报论大旗。有着浓厚的道德情结与儒家本位思想的西周生，面对着人心不古、世风浇漓的社会现实，只能以浓烈的因果叙事来挽救世道人心，希冀西周古风重临世间。
@@@@There are clear tone of Ming Dynasty and style of memoir in The Marriage Stories to A w aken Men which was finished before the end of Ming Dynasty and might spread since the early time of Qing Dy‐nasty .The M arriage Stories to Awaken Men is another great achievement of Social Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties after Golden Lotus ,which Hu Shi ,Xu Zhimo ,Eileen Chang and other modern masters have canonized .For its extensive and realistic life narration and author’s heart to help the people ,it is an‐other successful attempt of integration with elegance and popularity in the fictions about human relation‐ship in Ming and Qing Dynasties ,which promotes the healthy development of the fictions about human re‐lationship in Ming and Qing Dynasties .It is a heavy moral elegy ,but its magic weapon is Buddhist karma . Facing such society actuality of moral degradation ,Xi Zhou Sheng redeems social morality by drastic karma narration which has strong moral complex and Confucia

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