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双语推荐：平面直角坐标

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简要论述了平面直角坐标系中点所代表的意义及应用，简单地说明了在平面直角坐标系中坐标的基本含义及平面坐标点即长度的基本思想。
This paper briefly discusses the significance and application of the points in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and simply illustrates the basic meaning of coordinates in the plane rectangular coordinates system and the basic idea of plane coordinates point which represents the length.

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开展大比例尺测图时，当测区距离国家统一3°带中央子午线较远或测区高程较大时，国家统一3°带坐标系不能满足城市建设和工程建设的需要，需要建立长度变形值不大于2．5 cmk／m 的地方平面直角坐标系。地方平面直角坐标系是国家统一3°带平面直角坐标系的变换，本文研究几种常用地方平面直角坐标系与国家统一3°带坐标系相互转换的原理与方法。
Local plane rectangular coordinate system with which the length deformation is not greater than 2.5cm/km is needed to be established, because in large scale mapping , when Survey area is far away from the central meridian of National unity 3°zone coordi-nate system or the elevation of Survey area is large , National unity 3°zone coordinate system couldn’ t satisfy the needs of urban con-struction and engineering construction .Local plane rectangular coordinate system is transformed from National unity 3°coordinate sys-tem, this paper did research on several common principles and methods of coordinate transformation between plane rectangular coordi -nate system and national 3°zone coordinate system .

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运用平面的点法式方程、三点式方程、一般式方程、平面束方程等知识点对一道课本习题给出了不同解法,旨在帮助学生更好地学习空间直角坐标系中最简单而又十分重要的几何图形——平面与直线。
In this article, seven different solutions to a textbook exercise are given to help students learn the simplest and most important geometry in Cartesian coordinate system--plane and straight line.

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阐述平面直角坐标系与大地坐标系的区别及其在设计、施工中测设时的注意问题及解决方法.
@@@@Describedthe difference betweenand iflatrectabgularcoorinate system and geodeticcoordinate system and setmeasuredin the design and constructionattentionwhenyouapproach.

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针对手持机数据在小比例尺测图中的应用不断增加，现提出一种事后将大地经纬度坐标转换为平面直角坐标的方法。
Based on the increasingly wide application of handset data in small scale mapping, this paper proposes a method to transform the latitude and longitude coordinate into plane rectangular coordinate.

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不同基准的坐标转换,如果其转换范围较大,都是在空间直角坐标系下进行的;如果其坐标的表示形式是大地坐标或高斯平面坐标,则需要首先将其转换成空间直角坐标,然后才能依据转换参数及模型进行转换。本文以一个实例,叙述了不同基准坐标转换的具体过程。
Coordinate transformations under different datum ellipsoid, if the conversion range widely, are based on the space rectangular coordinates; if surveying coordinates are in the form of geodetic coordinate or Gauss plane coordinates, it need to be firstly converted into a rectangular space coordinates, and then to be converted on the basis of transformation parameters and model. Through an example, the paper describes the specific process of different reference coordinate.

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用实例分析了应用平面四参数模型进行坐标转换时，不同坐标系的投影差异对坐标转换精度的影响，并对转换误差的原因进行了分析，得出了在利用平面直角坐标转换时必须保证各坐标系中央子午线应尽量一致的结论。
Absrt act:In this paper , application of plane model with four parameters are analyzed with examples of coordinate conversion of differ -ent coordinate system , the projection of different influence on precision of coordinate transformation , and the conversion error sources are analyzed, the use of plane rectangular coordinate transformation must ensure that each coordinate central meridian should be con -sistent.

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根据张家口市万全县所处的地理位置情况及其面积广、高差大的县域特点，分别从满足国土资源管理部门土地调查和满足全县工程建设、城乡规划的需要出发，分析了如何建立全县统一的高斯平面直角坐标系的技术方法。
According to the geographical position in Wanquan county,Zhangjiakou city and its characteristics,such as the vast coverage and large height difference,this paper analyses the technology and methods on how to establish uni-fied rectangular coordinate system of Gauss plane throughout the county,starting from meeting the needs of both land sur-vey of the administrative department of land and resources and the county’s engineering construction,and urban and rural planning.

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提出一种长方体表面透视变形的校正方法。通过长方体表面对边平行的性质确定图像的消失线,得到图像采集系统的成像模型,参照消失线的位置在图像平面和长方体表面所在平面上分别建立平面直角坐标系,并计算两坐标系的对应关系,按对应关系对图像进行插值处理。校正后的矩形图像的长宽比例和实际长方体表面的长宽比例严格相同。实验结果表明,该方法对长方体表面透视变形的校正有较好的效果。
The images filmed by digital devices are always coupled with perspective distortions, which result in a failure of the layout processing and recognition. An effective perspective distortion correction method is presented to resolve the perspective distortion correction in cuboid’s surface. A vanishing line is determined by two pairs of parallel lines which are four edges of cuboid’s surface. The vanishing line is used to determine the direction and value of perspective distortion correction. An image can be obtained which is same as original cuboid’s surface except the size. Experimental results show that this method is accurately and effectively for perspective distortion correction in cuboid’s surface.

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现代工程GPS基线向量网与地面网联合平差一般是采用二维约束平差的方式在平面直角坐标系中进行。本文详述了基于E1椭球在地方独立坐标系中进行二维约束网平差的原理。算例表明：对于小范围的GPS工程控制网，采用二维约束平差在精度和实用性方面都能满足需求。
Modern engineering of GPS baseline vector network and the ground network combined adjustment is generally conducted based on the 2D constrained adjustment manner in the plane rectangular coordinate system .2D constrained net adjustment is described based on E1 ellipsoid in local independent coordinate system detailed .The example shows that in the small range of GPS control network ,the 2D constrained network adjustment can meet the demand in terms of the accuracy and practicality .

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