1909年《域外小说集》的出版是周氏兄弟在晚清最重要的文学活动。在《域外小说集》中，周氏兄弟审慎地选择了代表唯美主义、自然主义、批判现实主义、现代主义等世纪之交文艺思潮的小说作品，来践行以文艺转移性情、改造社会的目标。《域外小说集》能够在1909年出版，与周氏兄弟之前较长一段时间里在翻译领域的摸索和准备是分不开的。周氏兄弟的早期翻译可以分为两个阶段：1903—1906年是裹挟在晚清译介潮流中的摸索阶段。在晚清译界登场以后，周氏兄弟大致选择了科学小说和侦探小说进行翻译。1906—1908年是周氏兄弟《域外小说集》的酝酿阶段。在合作翻译《红星佚史》的过程中，他们提出了“文以移情”的翻译理念。受到无政府主义思想的影响，此时他们开始关注俄国文学。周氏兄弟最早关注并认真译介的弱小民族文学是匈牙利文学。

In the late Qing Dynasty, the publication of The Collections of Foreign Fictions in 1909 was the most important literar-y activity for Zhou brothers.They chose the stories in the book carefully which represented the trend of literary at the turn of the century, such as aestheticism, naturalism, critical realism, modernism, and etc.They hoped to achieve their ambition by trans-ferring people''s dispositions and transforming the society.The publication of the book has been closely related to Zhou brothers''exploration and preparation in the field of translation from 1903 to 1908, which can be roughly divided into two periods.Before the year of 1906, their translation followed the trend of the time in an explorative manner.They chose scientific fiction and de-tective fiction as their translation topics.Then from the year 1906 to 1908, they started to prepare for the publication of The Col-lections of Foreign Fictions.They collaborated to translate The World''s Desire and put for

在汉语中，“伯、叔、舅”这三个家庭称谓是子女对父母兄弟的称呼：其中“伯、叔”指称父亲的兄弟，“舅”指称母亲的兄弟。通过研究代表这三个称谓的汉字符号的字形及其演变，不难发现“伯”、“叔”、“舅”这三个称谓蕴含着丰富的文化内涵，突出反映了古代森严的等级制度以及儒学的齐家治国思想。

There are three family appellations that are used commonly in daily life .As is known to all that“bo” and “shu” refer to father’s brothers and"jiu"refers to mother''s brother.According to their shape and evolu-tion of these appellations, it is easy to find rich cultural connotations which reflect the ancient strict hierarchy and regulating the family and running the state of Confucianism .

晚清以来的翻译至《新青年》得以转变。《新青年》的翻译，经过了陈独秀、胡适、周氏兄弟三个阶段，奠定了中国现代翻译的格局。《新青年》之后，《新潮》《小说月报》继续了《新青年》的翻译事业，也体现了《新青年》内部的不同走向，大体来说，《新潮》较多承续胡适的思路，茅盾的《小说月报》较多发展周氏兄弟的路径。

From the late Qing Dynasty, translation had changed since the appearance of New Youth. The translation of New Youth had laid a modern translation pattern since three phases of CHEN Du-xiu, HU Shi and the ZHOU brothers. After the development of New Youth, New Style and Novel Monthly continued the transla-tion and it also reflect the different development within New Youth.

龚古尔兄弟是印象主义文学批评的先驱，他们对福楼拜的主观印象以及独特的文学观念使其长卷日记中对福楼拜作品存在轻视与误读，构成了极具个性化的批评文本。由于两兄弟与福楼拜有着长年的深挚友谊，这些轻视很难为外人所察，却在他们的日记中得到真实全面的表现。

Alors que les frères Goncourt font figure de précurseurs en matière de critique impressionniste, leur subjectivité, accompagnée d’une vision personnelle, mène à des lectures erronées et méprisantes sur les ?uvres de Flaubert. On en obtient paradoxalement des textes critiques très originaux. Tandis que le dédain est bien dissimulé par la profonde amitié entre les Goncourt et Flaubert, il se manifeste de fa?on réelle et bien visible dans leurs journaux.

历史上的曹丕往往被批判为奸险凶狠、阴谋篡位、加害兄弟的小人，但这对曹丕而言是不公平、不公正的。我们应一分为二的来看待曹丕的为人，用他生平的所为来评定其人，而不应存先入为主的刻板印象。在谈及曹丕逼汉献帝禅位时，后人应该抛弃陈腐的正统观念，抛弃腐朽的教条，站在国家、百姓、社会发展的立场角度看到曹丕称帝后为历史做出的积极贡献；曹丕在位期间所颁布的法令政策在安抚百姓、促进社会发展方面起到了巨大的作用，这是值得肯定的。对于曹丕因为太子之位而害兄弟曹彰之说，这是无依据的；而与兄弟曹植之间，曹丕所为确实过分，但是在权势、国家利益面前，权势与手足情两者难全。

Historically, Cao Pi has been criticized as a wicked and cruel base person .This is not fair.He made historical contribution after he forced the Xian Emperor to abdicate and substitute him as the emperor .Under his administration, laws and policies were issued to pacify people and advance the society .It is groundless to say that he murdered his brother Cao Zhang for the position of crown prince .Though what he did to Cao Zhi is exces-sive, it is understandable to some extent.