目的研究口腔正畸治疗感染患者病原菌的分布及其耐药性,控制口腔正畸治疗感染的发生。方法选取2011年1月-2013年6月医院口腔正畸治疗765例,对其发生感染患者分离培养出的病原菌,采用K-B琼脂法进行药敏试验。结果经口腔正畸治疗后发生感染的患者共85例,感染率为11.11%;分离出病原菌91株,感染部位呼吸道25株占27.47%,泌尿道19株占20.88%,胃肠道14株占15.38%,皮肤11株占12.09%,血液7株占7.69%,其他15株占16.48%;分离出革兰阳性菌38株占41.76%,革兰阴性菌53株占58.24%;革兰阳性菌对乙酰唑胺和利奈唑胺无耐药,革兰阴性菌对美罗培南和亚胺培南无耐药。结论口腔正畸治疗感染的发生率高,且多为耐药菌感染,临床应采取相应措施控制口腔正畸治疗感染的发生,对分离培养病原菌并进行药敏试验,选择耐药率低的抗菌药进行及时的治疗。

OBJECTIVE To study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria for infection patients of orthodontic treatment ,so as to control the occurrence of infections .METHODS A total of 765 cases of patients with orthodontic treatment from Jan .2011 to Jun .2013 were chosen ,and pathogenic bacteria were isolated and cultured ,with the drug sensitivity tests were conducted by K-B test .RESULTS A total of 85 cases with infections after orthodontic treatment and the occurrence rate was 11 .11% .A total of 91 strains of bacteria were isolated , including 25 strains of the respiratory tract accounting for 27 .47% ,19 strains of urinary tract accounting for 20 .88% ,14 strains of the gastrointestinal tract accounting for 15 .38% , 11 strains of skin accounting for 12 .09% ,7 strains from blood accounting for 7 .69% ,15 strains of other accounting for 16 .48% .There were 38 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 41 .76% .53 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounted for 58 .

目的探讨重症监护室(ICU)的常用抗菌药物用量变化与革兰阴性病原菌耐药率是否存在显著相关性。方法回顾性统计ICU常用8种抗革兰阴性菌的抗菌药物的DDDs/(100床·d),及同期4种革兰阴性菌的耐药率变化。结果头孢哌酮舒巴坦、亚胺培南、哌拉西林他唑巴坦用量与耐头孢哌酮舒巴坦、耐亚胺培南的鲍曼不动杆菌和耐头孢哌酮舒巴坦、耐哌拉西林他唑巴坦、耐头孢吡肟的肺炎克雷伯菌的正相关性有统计学意义;左氧氟沙星的用量与耐哌拉西林他唑巴坦、耐头孢吡肟的鲍曼不动杆菌、耐头孢吡肟的铜绿假单胞菌和耐哌拉西林他唑巴坦的大肠埃希菌都呈显著性负相关。结论抗菌药物用量与一些革兰阴性菌耐药率存在显著的相关性,可为临床抗菌药物选择提供理论依据。

Objective To evaluate the correlations between the consumption of antimicrobial and resistance in Gram-negative bacteria in intensive care unit from 2008 to 2012. Methods The DDDs per 100 bed-day of antimicrobi-al,commonly used for Gram-negative bacteria infection in ICU,and proportion of antimicrobial resistance were studied. Results The rise in cefoperazone sulbactam-resistant,imipenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii and in cefoperazone sulbactam-resistant,piperacillin tazobactam-resistant,cefepime-resistant K. pneumonia was significantly correlated with increased consumption of cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem,while decreased consumption of levofloxacin was significantly correlated with cefepime-resistant and piperacillin tazobactam-resistant acinetobacter baumannii,cefepime-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, piperacillin tazobactam-resistant E. coli. Conclusion Signifi-cant changes in antimicrobial use have correlative antimicrobial resistance in certain

目的：探讨烧伤患者感染的预防与治疗措施。方法：选择2012年3月－2013年3月我院收治的136例烧伤患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：在136例创面分泌物标本中，经细菌培养检出病原菌91株，其中革兰阴性杆菌49株，革兰阳性球菌38株，真菌4株；感染患者共计43例，死亡4例，其中烧伤败血症死亡2例，创面脓毒症和器官功能衰竭各1例。结论：烧伤患者治疗期间应用采取严格的消毒措施、加强营养支持治疗、严禁滥用抗生素、保持体内正氮平衡等多种综合措施，积极预防和控制感染。

Objective:To investigate the infection in burn patients prevention and treatment measures. Methods:from March 2012 to March 2013 in our hospital 136 cases of burn patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: in 136 cases of wound secretion samples, the bacterial culture pathogens were 91, of which 49 gram-negative bacilli, Gram-positive cocci 38, fungi 4; infection in patients with a total of 43 cases, 4 deaths, which burns 2 patients died of sepsis, wound sepsis and organ failure in 1 case. Conclusion:burn patients during treatment applied strict disinfection measures taken to strengthen the nutrition support therapy, is strictly prohibited misuse of antibiotics, to keep the body nitrogen balance and other comprehensive measures to actively prevent and control infection.

介绍了一种基于单片机产生脉宽调制(PWM)波的高压稳压电源设计,主要用于盖革-弥勒计数器的高压偏置源。由配置C8051f020的可编程计数器阵列PCA产生矩形控制信号,选用变压器隔离正激式变换拓扑结构和倍压整流电路。经过实验测试,当PWM波的占空比为55%时,输出高压400V,系统功耗155mW,电压稳定度小于0.5%,纹波小于100mV。电源性能稳定可靠,可用于γ辐射仪探测器的高压偏置源。

The design technology of high -voltage power based on Pulse Width Modulation is introduced ,which is used as Geiger -Muller counter ’ s high voltage bias power .The rectangular signal is produced by configuring the Programmable Counter Array of C8051f020,the forward transformer -isolated topologiesand voltage multipl-ying rectifier circuits isreferenced .By lab testing , while the duty cycle of PWM wave is 55%the output high voltage is 400 V,system consumption is 155 mV,voltage stability is less than 0.5%,ripple is less than 100 mV.Considering the stability and reliability of the high -voltage power , it could be used as source of γRadiom-eter .

从泡菜中分离纯化得到2株乳酸菌LMD和LRA2,均能产乳酸、革兰氏染色阳性、接触酶阴性。经系统发育分析,结合菌落形态、细胞形态、生化反应试验,确定菌株LMD和LRA2为肠膜明串珠菌。菌株LMD和LRA2的苯乳酸产量和苯丙氨酸的添加量与培养时间呈正相关。在含0.16%苯丙氨酸的MRS液体培养基中,培养72 h,菌株LMD的苯乳酸产量为0.144 7 mg·mL-1,菌株LRA2的苯乳酸产量为0.158 5 mg·mL-1。

Two strains of lactic acid bacteria, strain LMD and LRA2, were obtained from pickled vegetable. Two strains were gram-positive, lactic acid-producing, and catalase-negative. Based on morphological, physiological, biochemistry test and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, LMD and LRA2 were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The phenyllactic acid ( PLA) yield increased with increasing phenylalanine (PPA) concentration and incubation time. After 72h in-cubation, strain LMD in MRS broth containing 0. 16% PPA produced 0. 1447 mg·mL-1 PLA, while LRA2 did 0. 1585mg·mL-1 PLA.