选取机体Cu（Ⅱ）浓度，运用衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）、SDS-PAGE电泳和冯克劳斯法，分析了Cu（Ⅱ）对过氧亚硝酸根介导的硝化反应中纤维蛋白原二级结构和凝聚活性的影响。结果显示：随着 Cu（Ⅱ）浓度的增加，硝化纤维蛋白原中110 kDa新增条带越来越清晰；二级结构中α-螺旋比例下降，β-折叠比例上升；凝聚活性逐渐降低；当Cu（Ⅱ）浓度为1.66 mmol·L-1时，硝化纤维蛋白原中的α-螺旋比例由最初的32.29％减少到25.15％，β-折叠比例从35.66％升高到44.47％；冯克劳斯法检测硝化纤维蛋白原失去凝聚能力，但 SDS-PAGE电泳表明其依然可以释放纤维蛋白单体。表明，Cu（Ⅱ）能显著影响硝化反应中纤维蛋白原的二级结构，抑制其凝聚活性，促进硝化损伤。

The concentration of Cu(Ⅱ)was selected in biomimetic system to analyze the influence of Cu(Ⅱ) on secondary structure changes and aggregation activity of fibrinogen in nitration reaction by peroxynitrite with the aid of ATR-FTIR,SDS-PAGE and Von Clauss method.The results showed that with the increase of Cu(Ⅱ) concentration,a 110 kDa band became more and more clearer,theα-helix proportion declined whileβ-fold pro-portion increased in the secondary structure of nitration fibrinogen,and aggregation activity decreased gradual-ly.When Cu(Ⅱ)concentration increased to 1.66 mmol·L-1,theα-helix proportion decreased from initial 32.29% to 25.15%,whileβ-fold proportion increased from 35.66% to 44.47%.The nitration fibrinogen lost aggregation activity as detected by Von Clauss method,though SDS-PAGE showed that it still could release fi-brin monomer.The research demonstrated that Cu(Ⅱ)could significantly influence the fibrinogen secondary structure changes during nitration react

以加拿大针叶木为原料、采用硝硫混酸和HNO3/CH2Cl2两种硝化剂分别制备了A、B、C、D级硝化纤维素(NC)样品,通过偏光显微镜分析测试了其含氮量及氮量分布(硝化均匀性)。同时采用不同的高压闪爆预处理条件,对针叶木进行预处理,比较了闪爆对高氮量B、低氮量D级NC的含氮量及氮量分布,系统研究了硝化剂体系组成及原料预处理条件对NC的含氮量及其分布影响规律。结果表明,在同样氮量级别,HNO3/CH2Cl2硝化体系比HNO3/H2SO4/H2O得到的NC氮量分布更均匀,A、B、C与D级NC的均匀性分别提高17.46%、16.98%、16.77%和25.79%;同一硝化剂体系,闪爆有利于硝化剂向软木纤维素纤维束内部扩散,能提高NC含氮量及氮量分布均匀性,B级NC,其均匀性提高6.06%,D级NC则提高7.56%。

Nitrocellulose samples(NC)with A,B,C,and D grade were synthesized by nitrating Canadian softwood in HNO3/H2 SO4/H2 O and HNO3/CH2 Cl2 ,respectively. The nitrogen content and nitrogen content distribution( uniformity of nitration)of nitrocellulose were analyzed by a polarizing microscope. Using high-pressure steam explosion technology,soft wood was treated before processing. The effect of steam explosion treatment on the nitrogen content distribution of high nitrogen B and low nitrogen D grade NC was discussed. Results show that the nitrogen content distribution of nitration product from HNO3/CH2Cl2 is more u-niform than that of product from HNO3/H2 SO4/H2 O under the same nitrogen content condition. Uniformities of nitration indica-tors of NC of A,B,C and D grade improve by 16. 9%、17. 5%、16. 8% and 25. 7%,respectively. Steam explosion preprocess can improve nitrogen content and uniformity of product in the same nitrification system because the efficiency of nitration agents

为了确定硝化纤维(含氮量11.89%~13.5%)的热物性参数,进行热分析计算,揭示其反应动力学机制,采用激光闪射法和差示扫描量热法对含氮量12%的硝化纤维的热物性参数进行了测量。给出了其熔点以下25~140℃的热扩散率、比热容及热导率的数值。结果表明,随着温度的升高,比热容逐渐增大,而热导率和热扩散率有所减小,但变化幅度并不显著。在热分析计算时,这些参数可近似为一组平均值:c p=1.131 J·g-1·K-1,D=0.413 mm2·s-1,λ=0.142 W·m-1·K-1。

In order to obtain the thermal physical parameters of nitrocellulose (nitrogen content 11.89%~13.5%) to make the thermal analysis calculations and reveal the reaction dynamics mechanism, laser flash method and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) method were used to measure the thermal physical parameters of nitrocellulose with nitrogen content 12%(NC(12%N)). The values of thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity were obtained at temperature ranging from 25℃to 140 ℃.Results show that with the increase of temperature, the specific heat capacity increases, while the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity decrease.But the changes are not obvious.So these parameters can be determinatal as:in the calculation of thermal analysis:cp =1.131 J? g-1? K-1 ,D=0.413 mm2? s-1 ,λ=0.142 W? m-1? K-1 .

文章以硝酸盐溶液为阴极的电子受体，在阴极室中分别接种活性污泥混合菌和纯反硝化单菌株，构成生物阴极微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell ，简称MFC）A-MFC和B-MFC。实验结果表明：在外接电阻为100Ω情况下，A-MFC和B-M FC最大输出电压分别为119.6 mV和117.2 mV ，硝酸盐在B-M FC阴极室的平均反硝化速率为2.19 mg/（L＆#183;d），比A-MFC中的平均反硝化速率1.86 mg/（L＆#183;d）略高；扫描电镜观察到A-MFC和B-M FC的阴极碳布纤维丝表面形貌存在差异，A-MFC中碳布被孔状结构物覆盖，而B-M FC阴极碳布被片层状结构物所覆盖；同时发现A-MFC的阴极碳布循环伏安法CV曲线上均出现了明显的还原峰，表明A-MFC阴极碳布上的微生物进行了催化还原反应，而且阴极溶液均出现1对明显的氧化还原电对，说明阴极溶液中确实存在氧化还原介体进行微生物与电极间传递电子。

With the nitrate solution as the electron acceptor ,mixed bacteria from activated sludge and pure denitrifying bacteria were inoculated in the cathode chamber ,and two kinds of biocathode micro-bial fuel cells(MFCs) named A-MFC B-MFC were built .The experimental results showed that the maximum output voltages of A-MFC and B-MFC were 119.6 mV and 117.2 mV respectively when the external resistance was 100 Ω .The average denitrification rate in B-MFC was 2.19 mg/(L · d) and the average denitrification rate in A-MFC was 1.86 mg/(L · d) .The cathode carbon cloth surface morphology of A-MFC was different from that of B-MFC according to scanning electron microscope observation ,and the carbon cloth in A-MFC was covered by macroporous structure ,however the car-bon cloth in B-MFC was covered by lamellar structure .It was also found that there were an obvious reduction peak in the cyclic voltammetry(CV) curve of A-MFC cathode carbon cloth and an oxidation-reduction pair in the cath